Thumb Pain Gets a Thumbs Down
Osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis, frequently affects the joint at the base of the thumb where it meets the wrist. Known as basal joint arthritis or basal thumb arthritis, this condition is more common in women than men and is usually associated with aging. Over time, the cartilage that covers the ends of the bones degenerates, and excess bone forms. Basal joint arthritis can also occur following an injury to the area.
Symptoms
Treatment
Physical therapists can provide a number of treatment options for basal joint arthritis. The goal of therapy is to teach individuals with this condition how to control pain and swelling and improve hand function. Treatments include manual therapy, dry needling, splints, education in joint protection techniques, home use of heat and cold, and in some cases, exercise. If pain and loss of function can not be improved by therapy, medical intervention may be required. For individuals who require surgery, physical therapists can provide treatments following surgery to help restore motion and strength.
Manual Therapy
Manual therapy for the joints of the wrist, forearm and elbow can reduce the pain and stress to the thumb. Manual therapy for the shoulder and neck can sometimes help as reduce pain as well.
Dry needling of the muscles around the thumb, wrist and forearm can relieve tension and overuse.
Splints
Removable splints for the basal joint of the thumb are used for two primary purposes: providing support to improve hand function and providing rest to decrease inflammation and pain. Based on an assessment of the individual, a therapist determines what type of splint is most likely to help.
Joint Protection Education
Because osteoarthritis of the basal joint is a chronic condition, it is important to protect and avoid irritating the joint. There are a number of products and techniques that can be used to decrease stress on the joint. Symptoms of basal joint arthritis tend to be aggravated by forceful or repetitive pinching, grasping, and twisting. Using devices such as electric can openers, large grip pens, and large grip kitchen tools helps protect the thumb joints. Therapists provide guidance in maintaining or improving hand function while using techniques and devices such as these to minimize joint strain.
Heat and Cold Modalities
Warmth is often effective in temporarily relieving the stiffness and pain of basal joint arthritis. Warm water or a heating pad can be used at home, being careful not to burn the skin. However, if the joint is swollen and inflamed, a cold pack is a better choice. Your PT can educate your home use of these modalities.
Hand Exercises
Because gripping and pinching tend to aggravate the symptoms of basal joint arthritis, squeezing a ball and similar exercises should be avoided. Some individuals respond well to gentle motion performed in warm water to alleviate morning stiffness. Your PT can provide advice about specific exercises are appropriate for you.
Conclusion
While there is no cure for basal joint arthritis, there are simple treatments that effectively relieve the symptoms in many individuals. Working with your PT, you can find the best treatments for your situation.